As semiconductor manufacturing reaches the single-digit nanometer scale, silicon-based technologies are approaching their fundamental limits. Despite advances in device architectures and the development of novel materials, many next-generation technologies continue to face significant barriers to practical implementation. What are the key challenges in developing semiconductor manufacturing processes at the angstrom (Å) scale, beyond the nanometer regime? And what scientific and technological breakthroughs will be required to overcome these challenges and accelerate the future of advanced industries?